大贤者
精华
|
战斗力 鹅
|
帖子
注册时间 2010-1-19
|
关于所谓的西班牙蒸汽船
Steamship controversy
The attribution to Blasco de Garay of the testing of a steam engine made on a boat in the port of Barcelona was claimed in 1825 by Tomás González, director of the royal archives of Simancas, to the distinguished historian Martín Fernández Navarrete. González stated that in a file he had found, there is documentation endorsing a test conducted June 17, 1543[4] by the Naval Captain and Engineer of the navy of Charles V of a navigation system with no sails or oars containing a large copper of boiling water. Navarrete published González's account in 1826 in Baron de Zach's Astronomical Correspondence.[5] The letter from González to Martín Fernández Navarrete is as follows:
"Blasco de Garay, a captain in the navy, proposed in 1543, to the Emperor and King, Charles the Fifth, a machine to propel large boats and ships, even in calm weather, without oars or sails. In spite of the impediments and the opposition which this project met with, the Emperor ordered a trial to be made of it in the port of Barcelona, which in fact took place on the 17th on the month of June, of the said year 1543. Garay would not explain the particulars of his discovery: it was evident however during the experiment that it consisted in a large copper of boiling water, and in moving wheels attached to either side of the ship. The experiment was tried on a ship of two hundred tons, called the Trinidad, which came from Colibre to discharge a cargo of corn at Barcelona, of which Peter de Scarza was captain. By order of Charles V, Don Henry de Toledo the governor, Don Pedro de Cordova the treasurer Ravago, and the vice chancellor, and intendant of Catalonia witnessed the experiment. In the reports made to the emperor and to the prince, this ingenious invention was generally approved, particularly on account of the promptness and facility with which the ship was made to go about.
The treasurer Ravago, an enemy to the project, said that the vessel could be propelled two leagues in three hours that the machine was complicated and expensive and that there would be an exposure to danger in case the boiler should burst. The other commissioners affirmed that the vessel tacked with the same rapidity as a galley maneuvered in the ordinary way, and went at least a league an hour.
"As soon as the experiment was made Garay took the whole machine with which he had furnished the vessel, leaving only the wooden part in the arsenal at Barcelona, and keeping all the rest for himself.
"In spite of Ravago's opposition, the invention was approved, and if the expedition in which Charles the Vth was then engaged had not prevented, he would no doubt have encouraged it. Nevertheless, the emperor promoted the inventor one grade, made him a present of two hundred thousand maravedis, and ordered the expense to be paid out of the treasury, and granted him besides many other favors."[1][4][6]
"This account is derived from the documents and original registers kept in the Royal Archives of Simancas, among the commercial papers of Catalonia, and from those of the military and naval departments for the said year, 1543." Simancas, August 27, 1825, Tomás González [es].[1][7]
Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont, a Spanish soldier, painter, cosmographer, musician, and above all, inventor, registered in 1606 the first patent for a steam machine, so he is credited as the inventor of all kinds of steam machines.
Steamboats were in fact not introduced to Spain until 1817.[8] Real Fernando, launched in 1817 and which plied the Guadalquivir River from Sevilla to Sanlucar, was probably the first steamboat built in Spain. She was joined by PS Hope, built at Bristol in 1813.[9]
The belated claims made on behalf of Blasco de Garay have since been discredited by the Spanish authorities.[2]
The failure to find documentation confirming that letter led to a controversy between French and Spanish scholars.[10] The issue gained such popularity that Honoré de Balzac wrote a comedy, made of five acts,[11] with the theme as an argument entitled Les Ressources de Quinola[12] which premiered in Paris on March 19, 1842 and which tended to be sympathetic to the Spanish claim.[13][14]
机翻：
轮船争议
1825 年，西曼卡斯皇家档案馆馆长托马斯·冈萨雷斯 (Tomás González ) 向著名历史学家马丁·费尔南德斯·纳瓦雷特 (Martín Fernández Navarrete)声称，巴塞罗那港一艘船上制造的蒸汽机的测试工作归功于布拉斯科·德·加雷 (Blasco de Garay) 。冈萨雷斯表示，在他发现的一份文件中，有文件支持查理五世海军上尉兼工程师在 1543 年6月17日进行的一项测试，测试的导航系统没有帆或桨，其中包含大铜沸水。 1826 年，纳瓦雷特在扎克男爵的《天文通讯》中发表了冈萨雷斯的描述。[5]冈萨雷斯致马丁·费尔南德斯·纳瓦雷特的信如下：
“布拉斯科·德·加雷 (Blasco de Garay) 是一位海军上尉，他于 1543 年向皇帝和国王查理五世提出了一种即使在风平浪静的天气下也无需桨或帆即可推动大型船只和船只的机器。由于该计划遭到反对，皇帝下令在巴塞罗那港进行审判，事实上，审判是在 1543 年 6 月 17 日进行的。加雷没有解释细节他的发现：然而，在实验过程中，很明显它由一大铜沸水和连接在船两侧的移动轮组成。该实验是在一艘 200 吨的船上进行的，称为特立尼达号，这艘船从科利布尔出发，在巴塞罗那卸货，彼得·德·斯卡扎是这艘船的船长。奉查理五世、总督唐·亨利·德·托莱多、财务主管唐·佩德罗·德·科尔多瓦、拉瓦戈、副总理兼总督的命令。加泰罗尼亚目睹了这次实验，在向皇帝和亲王提交的报告中，这项巧妙的发明得到了普遍认可，特别是考虑到这艘船的航行迅速而便利。
该项目的敌人财务主管拉瓦戈表示，该船可在三小时内推进两里格，机器复杂且昂贵，一旦锅炉爆裂，就会面临危险。其他委员确认，这艘船的逆风航行速度与普通桨帆船一样快，每小时至少航行一里格。
“实验一完成，加雷就拿走了他为船只配备的整台机器，只把木制部分留在了巴塞罗那的军火库中，其余的都留给了自己。
“尽管拉瓦戈反对，这项发明还是获得了批准，如果查理五世当时参与的远征没有阻止的话，他无疑会鼓励它。尽管如此，皇帝还是将发明家提升了一级，并给了他一份礼物二十万马拉韦迪，并下令从国库中支付费用，并给予他许多其他恩惠。” [1] [4] [6]
“这份记录来自于西曼卡斯皇家档案馆保存的文件和原始登记册、加泰罗尼亚的商业文件以及当年 1543 年军事和海军部门的文件和原始登记册。”西曼卡斯，1825 年 8 月 27 日，托马斯·冈萨雷斯 [ es ]。[1] [7]
Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont是一位西班牙士兵、画家、宇宙学家、音乐家，尤其是发明家，他于 1606 年注册了第一个蒸汽机专利，因此被誉为各种蒸汽机的发明者。
事实上，西班牙直到 1817 年才引入汽船。[8] Real Fernando于 1817 年下水，往返于瓜达尔基维尔河从塞维利亚到桑卢卡尔，可能是西班牙建造的第一艘汽船。1813 年在布里斯托尔建造的PS Hope也加入了她的行列。[9]
代表 Blasco de Garay 提出的迟来的主张已被西班牙当局否认。[2]
由于未能找到证实这封信的文件，引发了法国和西班牙学者之间的争议。[10]这个问题如此受欢迎，以至于奥诺雷·德·巴尔扎克 (Honoré de Balzac)写了一部由五幕组成的喜剧，[11]以论证为主题，题为《奎诺拉的资源》 (Les Ressources de Quinola) [12]，该剧于 1842 年 3 月 19 日在巴黎首演，并倾向于对西班牙的主张表示同情。[13] [14] |
|
发表于 2024-1-28 15:36
收藏
楼主
他诳你，说的是嫪毐转车轮
